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We present an analysis of ALMA 1.25 millimeter continuum observations ofspiral structures in three protoplanetary disks from the Disk Substructures atHigh Angular Resolution Project. The disks around Elias 27, IM Lup, and WaOph 6were observed at a resolution of $\sim40-60$ mas ($\sim6-7$ au). All threedisks feature $m=2$ spiral patterns in conjunction with annular substructures.Gas kinematics established by $^{12}$CO $J=2-1$ observations indicate that thecontinuum spiral arms are trailing. The arm-interarm intensity contrasts aremodest, typically less than 3. The Elias 27 spiral pattern extends throughoutmuch of the disk, and the arms intersect the gap at $R\sim69$ au. The spiralpattern in the IM Lup disk is particularly complex-it extends about halfwayradially through the disk, exhibiting pitch angle variations with radius andinterarm features that may be part of ring substructures or spiral armbranches. Spiral arms also extend most of the way through the WaOph 6 disk, butthe source overall is much more compact than the other two disks. We discusspossible origins for the spiral structures, including gravitational instabilityand density waves induced by a stellar or planetary companion. Unlike themillimeter continuum counterparts of many of the disks with spiral armsdetected in scattered light, these three sources do not feature high-contrastcrescent-like asymmetries or large ($R>20$ au) emission cavities. Thisdifference may point to multiple spiral formation mechanisms operating indisks.

the astrophysical journal. letters

The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP): III.  Spiral Structures in the Millimeter Continuum of the Elias 27, IM Lup, and  WaOph 6 Disks