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The Sun occasionally goes through Maunder-like extended grand minima when itsmagnetic activity drops considerably from the normal activity level for severaldecades. Many possible theories have been proposed to explain the origin ofthese minima. However, how the Sun managed to recover from such inactive phasesevery time is even more enigmatic. The Babcock--Leighton type dynamos, whichare successful in explaining many features of the solar cycle remarkably well,are not expected to operate during grand minima due to the lack of a sufficientnumber of sunspots. In this Letter, we explore the question of how the Suncould recover from grand minima through the Babcock--Leighton dynamo. In ourthree-dimensional dynamo model, grand minima are produced spontaneously as aresult of random variations in the tilt angle of emerging active regions. Wefind that the Babcock-Leighton process can still operate during grand minimawith only a minimal number of sunspots and that the model can emerge from suchphases without the need for an additional generation mechanism for the poloidalfield. The essential ingredient in our model is a downward magnetic pumpingwhich inhibits the diffusion of the magnetic flux across the solar surface.

Recovery from Maunder-like Grand Minima in a Babcock--Leighton Solar Dynamo Model