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The super-Neptune exoplanet WASP-107b is an exciting target for atmospherecharacterization. It has an unusually large atmospheric scale height and asmall, bright host star, raising the possibility of precise constraints on itscurrent nature and formation history. We report the first atmospheric study ofWASP-107b, a Hubble Space Telescope measurement of its near-infraredtransmission spectrum. We determined the planet's composition with twotechniques: atmospheric retrieval based on the transmission spectrum andinterior structure modeling based on the observed mass and radius. The interiorstructure models set a $3\,\sigma$ upper limit on the atmospheric metallicityof $30\times$ solar. The transmission spectrum shows strong evidence for waterabsorption ($6.5\,\sigma$ confidence), and the retrieved water abundance isconsistent with expectations for a solar abundance pattern. The inferredcarbon-to-oxygen ratio is subsolar at $2.7\,\sigma$ confidence, which weattribute to possible methane depletion in the atmosphere. The spectralfeatures are smaller than predicted for a cloud-free composition, crossing lessthan one scale height. A thick condensate layer at high altitudes (0.1 - 3mbar) is needed to match the observations. We find that physically motivatedcloud models with moderate sedimentation efficiency ($f_\mathrm{sed} = 0.3$) orhazes with a particle size of 0.3 $\mu$m reproduce the observed spectralfeature amplitude. Taken together, these findings serve as an illustration ofthe diversity and complexity of exoplanet atmospheres. The community can lookforward to more such results with the high precision and wide spectral coverageafforded by future observing facilities.

Water, High-Altitude Condensates, and Possible Methane Depletion in the Atmosphere of the Warm Super-Neptune WASP-107b