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On 17 August 2017, a gravitational wave event (GW170817) and an associatedshort gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) from a binary neutron star merger had beendetected. The followup optical/infrared observations also identified themacronova/kilonova emission (AT2017gfo). In this work we discuss someimplications of the remarkable GW170817/GRB 170817A/AT2017gfo association. Weshow that the $\sim 1.7$s time delay between the gravitational wave (GW) andGRB signals imposes very tight constraint on the superluminal movement ofgravitational waves (i.e., the relative departure of GW velocity from the speedof light is $\leq 4.3\times 10^{-16}$) or the possible violation of weakequivalence principle (i.e., the difference of the gamma-ray and GWtrajectories in the gravitational field of the galaxy and the local universeshould be within a factor of $\sim 3.4\times 10^{-9}$). The so-called DarkMatter Emulators and a class of contender models for cosmic acceleration("Covariant Galileon") are ruled out, too. The successful identification ofLanthanide elements in the macronova/kilonova spectrum also excludes thepossibility that the progenitors of GRB 170817A are a binary strange starsystem. The high neutron star merger rate (inferred from both the local sGRBdata and the gravitational wave data) together with the significant ejectedmass strongly suggest that such mergers are the prime sites of heavy r-processnucleosynthesis.

GW170817/GRB 170817A/AT2017gfo association: some implications for physics and astrophysics