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We present a comprehensive comparison of the properties of the radio throughX-ray counterpart of GW170817 and the properties of short-duration gamma-raybursts (GRBs). For this effort, we utilize a sample of 36 short GRBs spanning aredshift range of $z \approx 0.12-2.6$ discovered over 2004-2017. We find thatthe counterpart to GW170817 has an isotropic-equivalent luminosity that is$\approx 3000$ times less than the median value of on-axis short GRB X-rayafterglows, and $\gtrsim10^{4}$ times less than that for detected short GRBradio afterglows. Moreover, the allowed jet energies and particle densitiesinferred from the radio and X-ray counterparts to GW170817 and on-axis shortGRB afterglows are remarkably similar, suggesting that viewing angle effectsare the dominant, and perhaps only, difference in their observed radio andX-ray behavior. From comparison to previous claimed kilonovae following shortGRBs, we find that the optical and near-IR counterpart to GW170817 iscomparatively under-luminous by a factor of $\approx 3-5$, indicating a rangeof kilonova luminosities and timescales. A comparison of the optical limitsfollowing short GRBs on $\lesssim 1$ day timescales also rules out a "blue"kilonova of comparable optical isotropic-equivalent luminosity in one previousshort GRB. Finally, we investigate the host galaxy of GW170817, NGC4993, in thecontext of short GRB host galaxy stellar population properties. We find thatNGC4993 is superlative in terms of its large luminosity, old stellar populationage, and low star formation rate compared to previous short GRB hosts.Additional events within the Advanced LIGO/VIRGO volume will be crucial indelineating the properties of the host galaxies of NS-NS mergers, andconnecting them to their cosmological counterparts.

the astrophysical journal. letters

The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger  LIGO/VIRGO GW170817. VIII. A Comparison to Cosmological Short-duration  Gamma-ray Bursts