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Kepler-444 is a five planet system around a host-star approximately 11billion years old. The five transiting planets all have sub-Earth radii and arein a compact configuration with orbital periods between 3 and 10 days. Here wepresent a transit-timing analysis of the system using the full Kepler data setin order to determine the masses of the planets. Two planets, Kepler-444 d($M_\mathrm{d}=0.036^{+0.065}_{-0.020}M_\oplus$) and Kepler-444 e($M_\mathrm{e}=0.034^{+0.059}_{-0.019}M_\oplus $), have confidently detectedmasses due to their proximity to resonance which creates transit timingvariations. The mass ratio of these planets combined with the magnitude ofpossible star-planet tidal effects suggests that smooth disk migration over asignificant distance is unlikely to have brought the system to its currentlyobserved orbital architecture without significant post-formation perturbations.

Mass, Density, and Formation Constraints in the Compact, Sub-Earth Kepler-444 System including Two Mars-Mass Planets