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We test the parallaxes reported in the Gaia first data release using thesample of eclipsing binaries with accurate, empirical distances from Stassun \&Torres (2016). We find an average offset of $-$0.25$\pm$0.05 mas in the senseof the Gaia parallaxes being too small (i.e., the distances too long). Theoffset does not depend strongly on obvious parameters such as color orbrightness. However, we find with high confidence that the offset may depend onecliptic latitude: the mean offset is $-$0.38$\pm$0.06 mas in the eclipticnorth and $-$0.05$\pm$0.09 mas in the ecliptic south. The ecliptic latitudedependence may also be represented by the linear relation, $\Delta\pi \approx-0.22(\pm0.05) -0.003(\pm0.001)\times\beta$ mas ($\beta$ in degrees). Finally,there is a possible dependence of the parallax offset on distance, with theoffset becoming negligible for $\pi\lesssim 1$ mas; we discuss whether thiscould be caused by a systematic error in the eclipsing binary distance scale,and reject this interpretation as unlikely.

Evidence for a systematic offset of $-$0.25 mas in the Gaia DR1 parallaxes