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Low-mass "dwarf" galaxies represent the most significant challenges to thecold dark matter (CDM) model of cosmological structure formation. Because thesefaint galaxies are (best) observed within the Local Group (LG) of the Milky Way(MW) and Andromeda (M31), understanding their formation in such an environmentis critical. We present first results from the Latte Project: the Milky Way onFIRE (Feedback in Realistic Environments). This simulation models the formationof a MW-mass galaxy to z = 0 within LCDM cosmology, including dark matter, gas,and stars at unprecedented resolution: baryon particle mass of 7070 Msun withgas kernel/softening that adapts down to 1 pc (with a median of 25 - 60 pc at z= 0). Latte was simulated using the GIZMO code with a mesh-free method foraccurate hydrodynamics and the FIRE-2 model for star formation and explicitfeedback within a multi-phase interstellar medium. For the first time, Latteself-consistently resolves the spatial scales corresponding to half-light radiiof dwarf galaxies that form around a MW-mass host down to Mstar > 10^5 Msun.Latte's population of dwarf galaxies agrees with the LG across a broad range ofproperties: (1) distributions of stellar masses and stellar velocitydispersions (dynamical masses), including their joint relation; (2) themass-metallicity relation; and (3) a diverse range of star-formation histories,including their mass dependence. Thus, Latte produces a realistic population ofdwarf galaxies at Mstar > 10^5 Msun that does not suffer from the "missingsatellites" or "too big to fail" problems of small-scale structure formation.We conclude that baryonic physics can reconcile observed dwarf galaxies withstandard LCDM cosmology.

Reconciling dwarf galaxies with LCDM cosmology: Simulating a realistic population of satellites around a Milky Way-mass galaxy