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The majority of massive disk galaxies, including our own, have stellar barswith vertically thick inner regions -- so-called "boxy/peanut-shaped" (B/P)bulges. The most commonly suggested mechanism for the formation of B/P bulgesis a violent vertical "buckling" instability in the bar, something that hasbeen seen in N-body simulations for over twenty years, but never identified inreal galaxies. Here, we present the first direct observational evidence forongoing buckling in two nearby galaxies (NGC 3227 and NGC 4569), includingcharacteristic asymmetric isophotes and (in NGC 4569) stellar-kinematicasymmetries that match buckling in simulations. This confirms that the bucklinginstability takes place and produces B/P bulges in real galaxies. A toy modelof bar evolution yields a local fraction of buckling bars consistent withobservations if the buckling phase lasts ~0.5--1 Gyr, in agreement withsimulations.

Caught in the Act: Direct Detection of Galactic Bars in the Buckling Phase