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The firehose and mirror instabilities are thought to arise in a variety ofspace and astrophysical plasmas, constraining the pressure anisotropies anddrifts between particle species. The plasma stability depends on all speciessimultaneously, meaning that a combined analysis is required. Here, we presentthe first such analysis in the solar wind, using the long-wavelength stabilityparameters to combine the anisotropies and drifts of all major species (coreand beam protons, alphas, and electrons). At the threshold, the firehoseparameter was found to be dominated by protons (67%), but also to havesignificant contributions from electrons (18%) and alphas (15%). Drifts werealso found to be important, contributing 57% in the presence of a proton beam.A similar situation was found for the mirror, with contributions of 61%, 28%,and 11% for protons, electrons, and alphas, respectively. The parallel electricfield contribution, however, was found to be small at 9%. Overall, thelong-wavelength thresholds constrain the data well (<1% unstable), and theimplications of this are discussed.

Multi-Species Measurements of the Firehose and Mirror Instability Thresholds in the Solar Wind