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We present measurements of the electron-temperature based oxygen abundancefor a highly star-forming galaxy at z=3.08, COSMOS-1908. This is the highestredshift at which [OIII]$\lambda$4363 has been detected, and the first timethat this line has been measured at z>2. We estimate an oxygen abundance of12+log(O/H)$=8.00^{+0.13}_{-0.14}$. This galaxy is a low-mass ($10^{9.3}$M$_{\odot}$), highly star-forming ($\sim50$ M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$) system thathosts a young stellar population ($\sim160$ Myr). We investigate the physicalconditions of the ionized gas in COSMOS-1908 and find that this galaxy has ahigh ionization parameter, little nebular reddening ($E(B-V)_{\rm gas}<0.14$),and a high electron density ($n_e\sim500$ cm$^{-3}$). We compare the ratios ofstrong oxygen, neon, and hydrogen lines to the direct-method oxygen abundancefor COSMOS-1908 and additional star-forming galaxies at z=0-1.8 with[OIII]$\lambda$4363 measurements, and show that galaxies at z$\sim$1-3 followthe same strong-line correlations as galaxies in the local universe. Thisagreement suggests that the relationship between ionization parameter and O/His similar for z$\sim$0 and high-redshift galaxies. These results imply thatmetallicity calibrations based on lines of oxygen, neon, and hydrogen do notstrongly evolve with redshift and can reliably estimate abundances out toz$\sim$3, paving the way for robust measurements of the evolution of themass-metallicity relation to high redshift.

The MOSDEF Survey: Detection of [OIII]$\lambda$4363 and the direct-method oxygen abundance of a star-forming galaxy at z=3.08