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Precise measurements of the 21 cm power spectrum are crucial forunderstanding the physical processes of hydrogen reionization. Currently, thisprobe is being pursued by low-frequency radio interferometer arrays. As theseexperiments come closer to making a first detection of the signal, errorestimation will play an increasingly important role in setting robustmeasurements. Using the delay power spectrum approach, we have produced acritical examination of different ways that one can estimate error bars on thepower spectrum. We do this through a synthesis of analytic work, simulations oftoy models, and tests on small amounts of real data. We find that, althoughcomputed independently, the different error bar methodologies are in goodagreement with each other in the noise-dominated regime of the power spectrum.For our preferred methodology, the predicted probability distribution functionis consistent with the empirical noise power distributions from both simulatedand real data. This diagnosis is mainly in support of the forthcoming HERAupper limit, and also is expected to be more generally applicable.

Methods of Error Estimation for Delay Power Spectra in $21\,\textrm{cm}$ Cosmology