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Mini-EUSO is a telescope observing the Earth in the ultraviolet band from theInternational Space Station. It is a part of the JEM-EUSO program, paving theway to future larger missions, such as KEUSO and POEMMA, devoted primarily tothe observation of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays from space. Mini-EUSO iscapable of observing Extensive Air Showers generated by Ultra-High EnergyCosmic Rays with an energy above 10^21 eV and detect artificial showersgenerated with lasers from the ground. Other main scientific objectives of themission are the search for nuclearites and Strange Quark Matter, the study ofatmospheric phenomena such as Transient Luminous Events, meteors andmeteoroids, the observation of sea bioluminescence and of artificial satellitesand man-made space debris. Mini-EUSO will map the night-time Earth in the UVrange (290 - 430 nm), with a spatial resolution of about 6.3 km and a temporalresolution of 2.5 microseconds, through a nadir-facing UV-transparent window inthe Russian Zvezda module. The instrument, launched on August 22, 2019 from theBaikonur cosmodrome, is based on an optical system employing two Fresnel lensesand a focal surface composed of 36 Multi-Anode Photomultiplier tubes, 64channels each, for a total of 2304 channels with single photon countingsensitivity and an overall field of view of 44 degrees. Mini-EUSO also containstwo ancillary cameras to complement measurements in the near infrared andvisible ranges. In this paper we describe the detector and present the variousphenomena observed in the first months of operations.

Mini-EUSO mission to study Earth UV emissions on board the ISS