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The color distributions of globular clusters (GCs) in individual early-typegalaxies show great diversity in their morphology. Based on the conventional"linear" relationship between the colors and metallicities of GCs, the GCmetallicity distributions inferred from colors and in turn their formationhistories, should be as diverse as they appear. In contrast, here we show thatan alternative scenario rooted in the "nonlinear" nature of themetallicity-to-color transformation points to a simpler and more coherentpicture. Our simulations of the color distributions for $\sim$80 GC systems inearly-type galaxies from the ACS Virgo and Fornax Cluster Surveys suggest thatthe majority ($\sim$70$\%$) of early-type galaxies have old ($\sim$13 Gyr) andcoeval GCs. Their variety in the color distribution morphology stems mainlyfrom one parameter, the mean metallicity of a GC system. Furthermore, the colordistributions of the remaining ($\sim$30$\%$) GC systems are also explained bythe nonlinearity scenario, assuming additional young or intermediate-age GCswith a number fraction of $\sim$20$\%$ of underlying old GCs. Our resultsreinforce the nonlinearity explanation for the GC color bimodality and providea new perspective on early-type galaxy formation in the cluster environment,such as the Virgo and Fornax galaxy clusters.

the astrophysical journal. supplement series/astrophysical journal. supplement series

Nonlinear Color-Metallicity Relations of Globular Clusters. VIII.  Reproducing Color Distributions of Individual Globular Cluster Systems in the  Virgo and Fornax Galaxy Clusters