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Motivated by the desire for wide-field images with well-defined statisticalproperties for 21cm cosmology, we implement an optimal mapping pipeline thatcomputes a maximum likelihood estimator for the sky using the interferometricmeasurement equation. We demonstrate this direct optimal mapping with data fromthe Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization (HERA) Phase I observations. Aftervalidating the pipeline with simulated data, we develop a maximum likelihoodfigure-of-merit for comparing four sky models at 166MHz with a bandwidth of100kHz. The HERA data agree with the GLEAM catalogs to <10%. After subtractingthe GLEAM point sources, the HERA data discriminate between the differentcontinuum sky models, providing most support for the model of Byrne et al.2021. We report the computation cost for mapping the HERA Phase I data andproject the computation for the HERA 320-antenna data; both are feasible with amodern server. The algorithm is broadly applicable to other interferometers andis valid for wide-field and non-coplanar arrays.

Direct Optimal Mapping for 21cm Cosmology: A Demonstration with the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array