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A fundamental feature of galaxies is their structure, yet we are just nowunderstanding the evolution of structural properties in quantitative ways. Assuch, we explore the quantitative non-parametric structural evolution of 16,778galaxies up to $z\sim3$ in all five CANDELS fields, the largest collection ofhigh resolution images of distant galaxies to date. Our goal is to investigatehow the structure, as opposed to size, surface brightness, or mass, changeswith time. In particular, we investigate how the concentration and asymmetry oflight evolve in the rest-frame optical. To interpret our galaxy structuremeasurements, we also run and analyse 300 simulation realisations fromIllustrisTNG to determine the timescale of mergers for the CAS system. Wemeasure that from $z=0-3$, the median asymmetry merger timescale is$0.56^{+0.23}_{-0.18}$Gyr, and find it does not vary with redshift. Using thisdata, we find that galaxies become progressively asymmetric at a given mass athigher redshifts and we derive merger rates which scale as$\sim(1+z)^{1.87\pm0.04}$Gyr$^{-1}$, which agrees well with recent machinelearning and galaxy pair approaches, removing previous inconsistencies. We alsoshow that far-infrared selected galaxies that are invisible to \textit{HST}have a negligible effect on our measurements. We also find that galaxies aremore concentrated at higher redshifts. We interpret this as a sign of how theirformation occurs from a smaller initial galaxy that later grows into a largerone through mergers, consistent with the size growth of galaxies from`inside-out', suggesting that the centres are the oldest parts of mostgalaxies.

Galaxy Evolution in all Five CANDELS Fields and IllustrisTNG: Morphological, Structural, and the Major Merger Evolution to $z \sim 3$