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Obscuration of the innermost parts of active galactic nuclei (AGN) isobserved in the majority of the population both in the nearby universe and athigh redshift. However, the nature of the structures causing obscuration,especially in low-luminosity AGN, is poorly understood at present. We present anovel approach to multi-epoch broadband X-ray spectroscopy, anchored in thelong-term average spectrum in the hard X-ray band, applied to the nearby, X-raybright AGN in the galaxy NGC 1052. From spectral features due to X-rayreprocessing in the circumnuclear material, based on a simple, uniform-densitytorus X-ray reprocessing model, we find a covering factor of 80-100% and aglobally averaged column density in the range (1-2) x 10^23 cm^-2. This closelymatches the independently measured variable line-of-sight column density range,leading to a straightforward and self-consistent picture of the obscuring torusin NGC 1052, similar to several other AGN in recent literature. Comparing thisX-ray-constrained torus model with measurements of spatially resolvedsub-parsec absorption from radio observations, we find that it may be possibleto account for both X-ray and radio data with a torus model featuring a steepdensity gradient along the axis of the relativistic jets. This provides avaluable direction for the development of improved physical models for thecircumnuclear environment in NGC 1052 and potentially in a wider class of AGN.

Properties of the Obscuring Torus in NGC 1052 from Multi-epoch Broadband X-ray Spectroscopy