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We investigate atmospheric responses of modeled hypothetical Earth-likeplanets in the habitable zone of the M-dwarf AD Leonis to reduced oxygen (O2),removed biomass (dead Earth), varying carbon dioxide (CO2) and surface relativehumidity (sRH). Results suggest large O2 differences between the reduced O2 anddead scenarios in the lower but not the upper atmosphere. Ozone (O3) andnitrous oxide (N2O) also show this behavior. Methane depends on hydroxyl (OH),its main sink. Abiotic production of N2O occurs in the upper layers.Chloromethane (CH3Cl) decreases everywhere on decreasing biomass. Changing CO2(from x1 to x100 present atmospheric level (PAL)) and surface relative humidity(sRH) (from 0.1 percent to 100 percent) does not influence CH3Cl as much aslowering biomass. Therefore, CH3Cl can be considered a good biosignature.Changing sRH and CO2 has a greater influence on temperature than O2 and biomassalone. Changing the biomass produces ~6 kilometer (km) in effective height (H)in transmission compared with changing CO2 and sRH ( about 25km). Intransmission O2 is discernible at 0.76 microns for greater than 0.1 PAL. The O39.6 micron band was weak for the low O2 runs and difficult to discern from deadEarth, however O3 at 0.3 microns could serve as an indicator to distinguishbetween reduced O2 and dead Earth. Spectral features of N2O and CH3Clcorresponded to some km H. CH4 could be detectable tens of parsecs away withELT except for the 10-4 and 10-6 PAL O2 scenarios. O2 is barely detectable forthe 1 PAL O2 case and unfeasible at lower abundances.

Influence of Biomass Emissions upon Habitability, Biosignatures and Detectability in Earth-like Atmospheres