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Star formation in galaxies is regulated by the heating and cooling in theinterstellar medium. In particular, the processing of molecular gas into starswill depend strongly on the ratio of gas heating to gas cooling in the neutralgas around sites of recent star-formation. In this work, we combinemid-infrared (mid-IR) observations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs),the dominant heating mechanism of gas in the interstellar medium (ISM), with [CII], [O I], and [Si II] fine-structure emission, the strongest cooling channelsin dense, neutral gas. The ratio of IR cooling line emission to PAH emissionmeasures the photoelectric efficiency, a property of the ISM which dictates howmuch energy carried by ultraviolet photons gets transferred into the gas. Wefind that star-forming, IR luminous galaxies in the Great Observatories All-SkyLIRG Survey (GOALS) with high IR surface densities have low photoelectricefficiencies. These systems also have, on average, higher ratios of radiationfield strength to gas densities, and larger average dust grain sizedistributions. The data support a scenario in which the most compact galaxieshave more young star-forming regions per unit area, which exhibit lessefficient gas heating. These conditions may be more common at high-z, and mayhelp explain the higher star-formation rates at cosmic noon. We makepredictions on how this can be investigated with JWST.

Regulating Star Formation in Nearby Dusty Galaxies: Low Photoelectric Efficiencies in the Most Compact Systems