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Many of the exoplanets for which we can obtain the highest SNR transitspectra are tidally locked. The atmospheres on tidally-locked planets likelyexhibit large differences between the day and night side of the planet, thepoles, and the morning versus evening terminators. In this paper, we illustratehow the combined effects of aerosols and day-night temperature gradients shapetransit spectra of tidally-locked exoplanets when full 3D structures are takeninto account and evaluate the implications for retrievals of atmosphericproperties. To do this, we have developed a new code, METIS, which can computetransit spectra for an arbitrary longitude-latitude-altitude grid oftemperatures and pressures. Using METIS, we pair flexible treatments of cloudsand hazes with simple parameterized day-night temperature gradients to computetransit spectra and perform retrieval experiments across a wide array ofpossible exoplanet atmospheric properties. Our key findings are that: (1) thepresence of aerosols typically increases the effects of day-night temperaturegradients on transit spectra; (2) ignoring day-night temperature gradients whenattempting to perform Bayesian parameter estimation will still return biasedresults when aerosols are present, as has already been shown for clearatmospheres in the literature; (3) when a day-night temperature gradient ispresent and accounted for in the retrieval model, some transit spectra canprovide sufficient information to constrain temperatures and the width of thetransition from day to night. The presence of clouds and hazes can actuallytighten such constraints, but also weaken constraints on metallicity. Thispaper represents a step towards the larger goal of developing models and theoryof adequate complexity to match the superior quality data that will soon beavailable.

JWST Transit Spectra I: Exploring Potential Biases and Opportunities in Retrievals of Tidally-locked Hot Jupiters with Clouds and Hazes