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A521 has been a subject of extensive panchromatic studies from X-ray toradio. The cluster possesses a number of remarkable features including a brightradio relic with a steep spectrum, more than three distinct galaxy groupsforming a filament, and two disturbed X-ray peaks at odds with the distantposition and tilted orientation of the radio relic. These several lines ofevidence indicate a complex merger. In this paper, we present amulti-wavelength study of A521 based on Subaru optical, Hubble Space Telescopeinfrared, Chandra X-ray, GMRT radio, and MMT optical spectroscopicobservations. Our weak-lensing (WL) analysis with improved systematics controlreveals that A521 is mainly composed of three substructures aligned in thenorthwest to southeast orientation. These WL mass substructures are remarkablywell-aligned with the cluster optical luminosity distribution constructed fromour new enhanced cluster member catalog. These individual substructure massesare determined by simultaneously fitting three NFW profiles. We find that thetotal mass of A521 modeled by the superposition of the three halos is$13.0_{-1.3}^{+1.0} \times 10^{14}M_{\odot}$, a factor of two higher than theprevious WL measurement. With these WL mass constraints combined with X-ray andradio features, we consider two merging scenarios, carry out the correspondingnumerical simulations, and discuss strengths and weaknesses of each case.

Toward Solving the Puzzle: Dissecting the Complex Merger A521 with Multi-wavelength Data