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We present the stellar populations of 138 compact elliptical galaxies (cEs)in the redshift range of $z < 0.05$ using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)DR12. Our cEs are divided into those with [cE(w)] and without [cE(w/o)] abright ($M_{r} < -21$ mag) host galaxy. We investigated the stellar populationproperties of cEs based on the Lick line indices extracted from SDSS spectra.cE(w)s show [Z/H] and \afe\ distributions skewed toward higher values comparedto those of the cE(w/o)s. No statistically significant difference in agedistribution was found between the cE(w)s and cE(w/o)s. In the mass-metallicitydistribution, cE(w)s deviate from the relation observed for early-type galaxiesat a given stellar mass, whereas cE(w/o)s conform to the relation. Based on thedifferent features in the stellar populations of cE(w)s and cE(w/o)s, we canpropose two different cE formation channels tracing different original massesof the progenitors. cE(w)s would be the remnant cores of the massive progenitorgalaxies whose outer parts are tidally stripped by a massive neighboring galaxy(i.e., nurture origin). In contrast, cE(w/o)s are likely the faint end ofearly-type galaxies maintaining in-situ evolution in an isolated environmentwith no massive galaxy nearby (i.e., nature origin). Our results reinforce thepropositions that cEs comprise a mixture of galaxies with two types of originsdepending on their local environment.

Compact elliptical galaxies in different local environments: a mixture of galaxies with different origins?