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In the hierarchical structure formation model of the universe, galaxyclusters are assembled through a series of mergers. Accordingly, it is expectedthat galaxy clusters in the early universe are actively forming and dynamicallyyoung. Located at a high redshift of z=1.71, SpARCS1049+56 offers a unique lookinto the galaxy cluster formation process. This cluster has been shown to berich in cluster galaxies and to have intense star formation. Its high redshiftpushes a weak-lensing analysis beyond the regime of the optical spectrum intothat of the infrared. Equipped with deep Hubble Space Telescope Wide FieldCamera 3 UVIS and IR observations, we present a weak-lensing characterizationof SpARCS1049+56. As few IR weak-lensing studies have been performed, wediscuss the details of PSF modeling and galaxy shape measurement for an IRweak-lensing procedure and the systematics that come with the territory. Itwill be critical to understand these systematics in future weak-lensing studiesin the IR with the next generation space telescopes such as JWST, Euclid, andWFIRST. Through a careful analysis, the mass distribution of this young galaxycluster is mapped and the convergence peak is detected at a 3.3 sigma level.The weak-lensing mass of the cluster is estimated to be$3.5\pm1.2\times10^{14}\ \text{M}_\odot$ and is consistent with the massderived from a mass-richness scaling relation. This mass is extreme for acluster at such a high redshift and suggests that SpARCS1049+56 is rare in thestandard $\Lambda$CDM universe.

Constraining the Mass of the Emerging Galaxy Cluster SpARCS1049+56 at z=1.71 with Infrared Weak Lensing