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Exoplanets have been observed around stars at all stages of stellarevolution, in many cases orbiting in configurations that will eventually leadto the planets being engulfed or consumed by their host stars, such as HotJupiters or ultra-short period planets. Furthermore, objects such as pollutedwhite dwarfs provide strong evidence that the consumption of planets by starsis a common phenomenon. This consumption causes several significant changes inthe stellar properties, such as changes to the stellar spin, luminosity,chemical composition, or mass loss processes. Here, we explore this widevariety of effects for a comprehensive range of stellar and planetary massesand stages of stellar evolution, from the main sequence over red giants to thewhite dwarfs. We determine that planet consumption can cause transientluminosity features that last on the order of centuries to millennia, and thatthe post-consumption stellar spins can often reach break-up speeds.Furthermore, stellar moss loss can be caused by this spin-up, as well asthrough surface grazing interactions, leading to to the formation of unusualplanetary nebula shapes or collimated stellar gas ejections. Our resultshighlight several observable stellar features by which the presence or previousexistence of a planet around a given star can be deduced. This will providefuture observational campaigns with the tools to better constrain exoplanetdemographics, as well as planetary formation and evolution histories.

Eating Planets for Lunch and Dinner: Signatures of Planet Consumption by Evolving Stars