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Holm 15A, the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) of the galaxy cluster Abell 85,has an ultra-diffuse central region, 2 mag fainter than the faintest depletedcore of any early-type galaxy (ETG) that has been dynamically modelled indetail. We use orbit-based, axisymmetric Schwarzschild models to analyse thestellar kinematics of Holm 15A from new high-resolution, wide-field spectralobservations obtained with MUSE at the VLT. We find a supermassive black hole(SMBH) with a mass of (4.0 +- 0.80) x 10^10 solar masses at the center of Holm15A. This is the most massive black hole with a direct dynamical detection inthe local universe. We find that the distribution of stellar orbits isincreasingly biased towards tangential motions inside the core. However, thetangential bias is less than in other cored elliptical galaxies. We compareHolm 15A with N-body simulations of mergers between galaxies with black holesand find that the observed amount of tangential anisotropy and the shape of thelight profile are consistent with a formation scenario where Holm 15A is theremnant of a merger between two ETGs with pre-existing depleted cores. We findthat black hole masses in cored galaxies, including Holm 15A, scale inverselywith the central stellar surface brightness and mass density, respectively.These correlation are independent of a specific parameterization of the lightprofile.

A 40-billion solar mass black hole in the extreme core of Holm 15A, the central galaxy of Abell 85