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In this work, we reexamine sulfur chemistry occurring on and in the icemantles of interstellar dust grains, and report the effects of two newmodifications to standard astrochemical models; namely, (a) the incorporationof cosmic ray-driven radiation chemistry and (b) the assumption of fast,non-diffusive reactions for key radicals in the bulk. Results from our modelsof dense molecular clouds show that these changes can have a profound influenceon the abundances of sulfur-bearing species in ice mantles, including areduction in the abundance of solid-phase H$_2$S and HS, and a significantincrease in the abundances of OCS, SO$_2$, as well as pure allotropes ofsulfur, especially S$_8$. These pure-sulfur species - though nearly impossibleto observe directly - have long been speculated to be potential sulfurreservoirs and our results represent possibly the most accurate estimates yetof their abundances in the dense ISM. Moreover, the results of these updatedmodels are found to be in good agreement with available observational data.Finally, we examine the implications of our findings with regard to theas-yet-unknown sulfur reservoir thought to exist in dense interstellarenvironments.

Efficient Production of S$_8$ in Interstellar Ices: The effects of cosmic ray-driven radiation chemistry and non-diffusive bulk reactions