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Population synthesis models predict that high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB)populations produced in low metallicity environments should be more X-rayluminous, a trend supported by studies of nearby galaxies. This trend may beresponsible for the observed increase of the X-ray luminosity($L_{\mathrm{X}}$) per star formation rate (SFR) with redshift due to thedecrease of metallicity ($Z$) at fixed stellar mass as a function of redshift.To test this hypothesis, we use a sample of 79 $z\sim2$ star-forming galaxieswith oxygen abundance measurements from the MOSDEF survey, which obtainedrest-frame optical spectra for $\sim1500$ galaxies in the CANDELS fields at$1.37<z<3.80$. Using Chandra data from the AEGIS-X Deep, Deep Field North, andDeep Field South surveys, we stack the X-ray data at the galaxy locations inbins of redshift and $Z$ because the galaxies are too faint to be individuallydetected. In agreement with previous studies, the average $L_{\mathrm{X}}$/SFRof our $z\sim2$ galaxy sample is enhanced by $\approx0.4-0.8$ dex relative tolocal HMXB $L_{\mathrm{X}}$-SFR scaling relations. Splitting our sample by $Z$,we find that $L_{\mathrm{X}}$/SFR and $Z$ are anti-correlated with 97%confidence. This observed $Z$ dependence for HMXB-dominated galaxies isconsistent both with the local $L_{\mathrm{X}}$-SFR-$Z$ relation and a subsetof population synthesis models. Although the statistical significance of theobserved trends is weak due to the low X-ray statistics, these resultsconstitute the first direct evidence connecting the redshift evolution of$L_{\mathrm{X}}$/SFR and the $Z$ dependence of HMXBs.

The MOSDEF Survey: The Metallicity Dependence of X-ray Binary Populations at $z\sim2$