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The solar radiation focusing effect is related to the specific phenomenon ofpropagation of the Sun-emitted HF and VHF waves through terrestrial ionosphere.This natural effect is observed with ground-based radio instruments runningwithin 10-200 MHz range, as distinctive patterns - the Spectral Caustics (SCs)- on the solar dynamic spectra. It has been suggested that SCs are associatedwith medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs). In this paper,we present the first direct observations of SCs induced by MSTIDs, using solardynamic spectra with SCs obtained by different European radio telescopes onJanuary 8, 2014 and simultaneous two-dimensional detrended total electroncontent (dTEC) maps over Europe. Spatial examination of dTEC maps as well asprecise timing analysis of the maps and the dynamic spectra have beenperformed. First, we found several pairs of one-to-one (TID-SC)correspondences. The study provides strong observational evidence supportingthe suggestion that MSTIDs are the cause of SCs.

Direct Observations of Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances as Focusers of Solar Radiation: Spectral Caustics