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Some authors have proposed that electron energy distributions in H II regionsand planetary nebulae may be significantly nonthermal, and kappa-distributionshave been suggested as being appropriate. Here it is demonstrated that theelectron energy distribution function is extremely close to a Maxwellian up toelectron kinetic energies ~13 eV in HII regions, and up to ~16eV in planetarynebulae: kappa-distributions are inappropriate. The small departures from aMaxwellian have negligible effects on line ratios. When observed line ratios inH II regions deviate from models with a single electron temperature, it mustarise from spatial variations in electron temperature, rather than localdeviations from a Maxwellian.

Electron Energy Distributions in HII Regions and Planetary Nebulae: kappa-Distributions Do Not Apply