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The SHINING survey (Paper I; Herrera-Camus et al. 2018) offers a greatopportunity to study the properties of the ionized and neutral media ofgalaxies from prototypical starbursts and active galactic nuclei (AGN) toheavily obscured objects. Based on Herschel/PACS observations of the mainfar-infrared (FIR) fine-structure lines, in this paper we analyze the physicalmechanisms behind the observed line deficits in galaxies, the apparent offsetof luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs) from the mass-metallicity relation, andthe scaling relations between [CII] 158 $\mu$m line emission and star formationrate (SFR). Based on a toy model and the Cloudy code, we conclude that theincrease in the ionization parameter with FIR surface brightness can explainthe observed decrease in the line-to-FIR continuum ratio of galaxies. In thecase of the [CII] line, the increase in the ionization parameter is accompaniedby a reduction in the photoelectric heating efficiency and the inability of theline to track the increase in the FUV radiation field as galaxies become morecompact and luminous. In the central $\sim$kiloparsec regions of AGN galaxieswe observe a significant increase in the [OI] 63 $\mu$m/[CII] line ratio; theAGN impact on the line-to-FIR ratios fades on global scales. Based onextinction-insensitive metallicity measurements of LIRGs we confirm that theylie below the mass-metallicity relation, but the offset is smaller than thosereported in studies that use optical-based metal abundances. Finally, wepresent scaling relations between [CII] emission and SFR in the context of themain-sequence of star-forming galaxies.

astrophysical journal/the astrophysical journal

SHINING, A Survey of Far Infrared Lines in Nearby Galaxies. II:  Line-Deficit Models, AGN impact, [CII]-SFR Scaling Relations, and  Mass-Metallicity Relation in (U)LIRGS