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We recommend that the search for exoplanets around binary stars be extendedto include X-ray binaries in which the accretor is a white dwarf, neutron star,or black hole. We present a novel idea for detecting planets bound to such masstransfer binaries: we propose that the X-ray light curves of these binaries beinspected for signatures of transiting planets. X-ray transits may be the onlyway to detect planets around some systems, while providing a complementaryapproach to optical and/or radio observations in others. Any planets associatedwith X-ray binaries must be in stable orbits. We consider the range ofallowable separations and find that orbital periods can be hours or longer,while transit durations extend upward from about a minute for Earth-radiusplanets in very close orbits, to hours for Jupiter-radius planets in widerorbits. The search for planets around mass transfer binaries could begin atonce with existing X-ray observations of these systems. If and when a planet isdetected around an X-ray binary, the size and mass of the planet may be readilymeasured, and it may also be possible to study the transmission and absorptionof X-rays through its atmosphere. Finally, a noteworthy application of ourproposal is that the same technique could be used to search for signals fromextraterrestrial intelligence. If an advanced exocivilization placed a Dysonsphere or similar structure in orbit around the accretor of an X-ray binary inorder to capture energy, such an artificial structure might cause detectabletransits in the X-ray light curve.

Searching for Exoplanets Around X-Ray Binaries with Accreting White Dwarfs, Neutron Stars, and Black Holes