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We are conducting a proper-motion survey for young brown dwarfs in theTaurus-Auriga molecular cloud based on the Pan-STARRS1 3$\pi$ Survey. Oursearch uses multi-band photometry and astrometry to select candidates, and iswider (370 deg$^{2}$) and deeper (down to $\approx$3 M$_{\rm Jup}$) thanprevious searches. We present here our search methods and spectroscopicfollow-up of our high-priority candidates. Since extinction complicatesspectral classification, we have developed a new approach using low-resolution($R \approx 100$) near-infrared spectra to quantify reddening-free spectraltypes, extinctions, and gravity classifications for mid-M to late-L ultracooldwarfs ($\approx 100-3$ M$_{\rm Jup}$ in Taurus). We have discovered 25low-gravity (VL-G) and the first 11 intermediate-gravity (INT-G) substellar(M6-L1) members of Taurus, constituting the largest single increase of Taurusbrown dwarfs to date. We have also discovered 1 new Pleiades member and 13 newmembers of the Perseus OB2 association, including a candidate very wideseparation (58 kAU) binary. We homogeneously reclassify the spectral types andextinctions of all previously known Taurus brown dwarfs. Altogether ourdiscoveries have thus far increased the substellar census in Taurus by $\approx40\%$ and added three more L-type members ($\approx 5-10$ M$_{\rm Jup}$). Mostnotably, our discoveries reveal an older ($>$10 Myr) low-mass population inTaurus, in accord with recent studies of the higher-mass stellar members. Themass function appears to differ between the younger and older Tauruspopulations, possibly due to incompleteness of the older stellar members ordifferent star formation processes.

astrophysical journal/the astrophysical journal

The Pan-STARRS1 Proper-motion Survey for Young Brown Dwarfs in Nearby  Star-forming Regions. I. Taurus Discoveries and a Reddening-free  Classification Method for Ultracool Dwarfs