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During the protostellar phase of stellar evolution, accretion onto the staris expected to be variable, but this suspected variability has been difficultto detect because protostars are deeply embedded. In this paper, we describe asub-mm luminosity burst of the Class I protostar EC 53 in Serpens Main, thefirst variable found during our dedicated JCMT/SCUBA-2 monitoring program ofeight nearby star-forming regions. EC 53 remained quiescent for the first 6months of our survey, from February to August 2016. The sub-mm emission beganto brighten in September 2016, reached a peak brightness of $1.5$ times thefaint state, and has been decaying slowly since February 2017. The change insub-mm brightness is interpreted as dust heating in the envelope, generated bya luminosity increase of the protostar of a factor of $\ge 4$. The 850~$\mu$mlightcurve resembles the historical $K$-band lightcurve, which varies by afactor of $\sim 6$ with a 543 period and is interpreted as accretionvariability excited by interactions between the accretion disk and a closebinary system. The predictable detections of accretion variability observed atboth near-infrared and sub-mm wavelengths make the system a unique test-bed,enabling us to capture the moment of the accretion burst and to study theconsequences of the outburst on the protostellar disk and envelope.

The JCMT Transient Survey: Detection of sub-mm variability in a Class I protostar EC 53 in Serpens Main