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We take advantage of the exquisite quality of the Hubble Space Telescope26-filter astro-photometric catalog of the core of Omega Cen presented in thefirst paper of this series and the empirical differential-reddening correctionpresented in the second paper in order to distill the main sequence into itsconstituent populations. To this end, we restrict ourselves to the five mostuseful filters: the magic "trio" of F275W, F336W, and F438W, along with F606Wand F814W. We develop a strategy for identifying color systems where differentpopulations stand out most distinctly, then we isolate those populations andexamine them in other filters where their sub-populations also come to light.In this way, we have identified at least 15 sub-populations, each of which hasa distinctive fiducial curve through our 5-dimensional photometric space. Weconfirm the MSa to be split into two subcomponents, and find that both the bMSand the rMS are split into three subcomponents. Moreover, we have discoveredtwo additional MS groups: the MSd (which has three subcomponents) sharessimilar properties with the bMS, and the MSe (which has four subcomponents),has properties more similar to those of the rMS. We examine the fiducial curvestogether and use synthetic spectra to infer relative heavy-element,light-element, and Helium abundances for the populations. Our findings showthat the stellar populations and star formation history of Omega Cen are evenmore complex than inferred previously. Finally, we provide as a supplement tothe original catalog a list that identifies for each star which population itmost likely is associated with.

The State-of-the-Art HST Astro-Photometric Analysis of the core of \omega Centauri. III. The Main Sequence's Multiple Populations Galore