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Present-day semi-empirical models of solar irradiance (SI) variations employspectra computed on one-dimensional atmosphere models (1D models)representative of various solar surface features to reconstruct SI changesmeasured on timescales greater than a day. Various recent studies have,however, pointed out that the spectra synthesized on 1D models do not reflectthe radiative emission of the inhomogenous atmosphere revealed byhigh-resolution solar observations. We aimed to derive observational-basedatmospheres from such observations and test their accuracy for SI estimates. Weanalysed spectro-polarimetric data of the Fe I 630 nm line pair on photosphericregions representative of the granular, quiet Sun pattern (QS) and of small-and large-scale magnetic features, both bright and dark with respect to the QS.The data were taken on 2011 August 6, with the CRISP at the Swedish SolarTelescope, under excellent seeing conditions. We derived atmosphere models ofthe observed regions from data inversion with the SIR code. We studied thesensitivity of results to spatial resolution and temporal evolution, anddiscussed the obtained atmospheres with respect to several 1D models. Theatmospheres derived from our study agree well with most of the compared 1Dmodels, both qualitatively and quantitatively (differences are within 10%), butfor pore regions. Spectral synthesis computations on the atmosphere obtainedfrom the QS observations return SI between 400 nm and 2400 nm that agrees, onaverage, within 2.2% with standard reference measurements, and within -0.14%with the SI computed on the quiet Sun atmosphere employed by the most advancedsemi-empirical model of SI variations.

1D atmosphere models from inversion of Fe I 630 nm observations with an application to solar irradiance studies