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We present the results of clustering analyses of Lyman break galaxies (LBGs)at $z\sim3$, $4$, and $5$ using the final data release of theCanada--France--Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey (CFHTLS). Deep- and wide-fieldimages of the CFHTLS Deep Survey enable us to obtain sufficiently accuratetwo-point angular correlation functions to apply a halo occupation distributionanalysis. Mean halo masses, calculated as $\langle M_{h}\rangle=10^{11.7}-10^{12.8}h^{-1}M_{\odot}$, increase with stellar-mass limitof LBGs. The threshold halo mass to have a central galaxy follows the sameincreasing trend with the low-$z$ results, whereas the threshold halo mass tohave a satellite galaxy shows higher values at $z=3-5$ than $z=0.5-1.5$ overthe entire stellar mass range. Satellite fractions of dropout galaxies, even atless massive haloes, are found to drop sharply from $z=2$ down to less than$0.04$ at $z=3-5$. These results suggest that satellite galaxies forminefficiently within dark haloes at $z=3-5$ even for less massive satelliteswith $M_{\star}<10^{10}M_{\odot}$. We compute stellar-to-halo mass ratios(SHMRs) assuming a main sequence of galaxies, which is found to provideconsistent SHMRs with those derived from a spectral energy distribution fittingmethod. The observed SHMRs are in good agreement with the model predictionsbased on the abundance-matching method within $1\sigma$ confidence intervals.We derive observationally, for the first time, $M_{{\rm h}}^{{\rm pivot}}$,which is the halo mass at a peak in the star-formation efficiency, at $3<z<5$,and it shows a little increasing trend with cosmic time at $z>3$. In addition,$M_{{\rm h}}^{{\rm pivot}}$ and its normalization are found to be almostunchanged during $0<z<5$. Our study shows an observational evidence that galaxyformation is ubiquitously most efficient near a halo mass of $M_{{\rmh}}\sim10^{12}M_{\odot}$ over cosmic time.

astrophysical journal/the astrophysical journal

The Galaxy--Halo Connection in High-Redshift Universe: Details and  Evolution of Stellar-to-Halo Mass Ratios of Lyman Break Galaxies on CFHTLS  Deep Fields