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The discovery and subsequent study of optical counterparts to transientsources is crucial for their complete astrophysical understanding. Variousgamma ray burst (GRB) detectors, and more notably the ground--basedgravitational wave detectors, typically have large uncertainties in the skypositions of detected sources. Searching these large sky regions spanninghundreds of square degrees is a formidable challenge for most ground--basedoptical telescopes, which can usually image less than tens of square degrees ofthe sky in a single night. We present algorithms for optimal scheduling of suchfollow--up observations in order to maximize the probability of imaging theoptical counterpart, based on the all--sky probability distribution of thesource position. We incorporate realistic observing constraints like thediurnal cycle, telescope pointing limitations, available observing time, andthe rising/setting of the target at the observatory location. We usesimulations to demonstrate that our proposed algorithms outperform the defaultgreedy observing schedule used by many observatories. Our algorithms areapplicable for follow--up of other transient sources with large positionaluncertainties, like Fermi--detected GRBs, and can easily be adapted forscheduling radio or space--based X--ray followup.

An optimal method for scheduling observations of large sky error regions for finding optical counterparts to transients