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Insufficient instrument thermo-mechanical stability is one of the manyroadblocks for achieving 10cm/s Doppler radial velocity (RV) precision, theprecision needed to detect Earth-twins orbiting Solar-type stars. Highlytemperature and pressure stabilized spectrographs allow us to better calibrateout instrumental drifts, thereby helping in distinguishing instrumental noisefrom astrophysical stellar signals. We present the design and performance ofthe Environmental Control System (ECS) for the Habitable-zone Planet Finder(HPF), a high-resolution (R=50,000) fiber-fed near infrared (NIR) spectrographfor the 10m Hobby Eberly Telescope at McDonald Observatory. HPF will operate at180K, driven by the choice of an H2RG NIR detector array with a 1.7microncutoff. This ECS has demonstrated 0.6mK RMS stability over 15 days at both 180Kand 300K, and maintained high quality vacuum (<$10^{-7}$Torr) over months,during long-term stability tests conducted without a planned passive thermalenclosure surrounding the vacuum chamber. This control scheme is versatile andcan be applied as a blueprint to stabilize future NIR and optical highprecision Doppler instruments over a wide temperature range from ~77K toelevated room temperatures. A similar ECS is being implemented to stabilizeNEID, the NASA/NSF NN-EXPLORE spectrograph for the 3.5m WIYN telescope at KittPeak, operating at 300K. A full SolidWorks 3D-CAD model and a comprehensiveparts list of the HPF ECS are included with this manuscript to facilitate theadaptation of this versatile environmental control scheme in the broaderastronomical community.

astrophysical journal/the astrophysical journal

A Versatile Technique to Enable sub-milli-Kelvin Instrument Stability  for Precise Radial Velocity Measurements: Tests with the Habitable-zone  Planet Finder