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Orbiting a M dwarf 12 pc away, the transiting exoplanet GJ 1132b is a primetarget for transmission spectroscopy. With a mass of 1.7 Earth masses andradius of 1.1 Earth radii, GJ 1132b's bulk density indicates that this planetis rocky. Yet with an equilibrium temperature of 580 K, GJ 1132b may stillretain some semblance of an atmosphere. Understanding whether this atmosphereexists and its composition will be vital for understanding how the atmospheresof terrestrial planets orbiting M dwarfs evolve. We observe five transits of GJ1132b with the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST).We find a featureless transmission spectrum from 1.1--1.7 microns, ruling outcloud-free atmospheres with metallicities <300x Solar with >4.8$\sigma$confidence. We combine our WFC3 results with transit depths from TESS andarchival broadband and spectroscopic observations to find a featurelessspectrum from 0.7--4.5 microns. GJ 1132b has a high mean molecular weightatmosphere, possesses a high-altitude aerosol layer, or has effectively noatmosphere. Higher precision observations are required to differentiate betweenthese possibilities. We explore the impact of hot and cold starspots on theobserved transmission spectrum GJ 1132b, quantifying the amplitude ofspot-induced transit depth features. Using a simple Poisson model we estimatespot temperature contrasts, spot covering fractions, and spot sizes for GJ1132. These limits, and the modeling framework, may be useful for futureobservations of GJ 1132b or other planets transiting similarly inactive Mdwarfs.

the astronomical journal

The Featureless HST/WFC3 Transmission Spectrum of the Rocky Exoplanet GJ  1132b: No Evidence For A Cloud-Free Primordial Atmosphere and Constraints on  Starspot Contamination