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We report the discovery of a transiting, temperate, Neptune-sized exoplanetorbiting the nearby ($d$ = 27.5 pc), M3V star TOI-1231 (NLTT 24399, L 248-27,2MASS J10265947-5228099). The planet was detected using photometric data fromthe Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite and followed up with observationsfrom the Las Cumbres Observatory and the Antarctica Search for TransitingExoPlanets program. Combining the photometric data sets, we find that the newlydiscovered planet has a radius of 3.65$^{+0.16}_{-0.15}$ R$_{\oplus}$, and anorbital period of 24.246 days. Radial velocity measurements obtained with thePlanet Finder Spectrograph on the Magellan Clay telescope confirm the existenceof the planet and lead to a mass measurement of 15.5$\pm$3.3 M$_{\oplus}$. Withan equilibrium temperature of just 330K TOI-1231 b is one of the coolest smallplanets accessible for atmospheric studies thus far, and its host star's brightNIR brightness (J=8.88, K$_{s}$=8.07) make it an exciting target for HST andJWST. Future atmospheric observations would enable the first comparativeplanetology efforts in the 250-350 K temperature regime via comparisons withK2-18 b. Furthermore, TOI-1231's high systemic radial velocity (70.5 k\ms) mayallow for the detection of low-velocity hydrogen atoms escaping the planet byDoppler shifting the H I Ly-alpha stellar emission away from the geocoronal andISM absorption features.

TOI-1231 b: A Temperate, Neptune-Sized Planet Transiting the Nearby M3 Dwarf NLTT 24399