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We present visible and mid-infrared imagery and photometry of temporaryJovian co-orbital comet P/2019 LD$_2$ taken with HST/WFC3, Spitzer/IRAC, theGROWTH telescope network, visible spectroscopy from Keck/LRIS and archival ZTFobservations taken between 2019 April and 2020 August. Our observationsindicate that the nucleus of LD$_2$ has a radius between 0.2-1.8 km assuming a0.08 albedo and a coma dominated by $\sim$100$\mu$ m-scale dust ejected at$\sim$1 m/s speeds with a $\sim$1'' jet pointing in the SW direction. LD$_2$experienced a total dust mass loss of $\sim$10$^8$ kg at a loss rate of $\sim$6kg/s with Af$\rho$/cross-section varying between $\sim$85 cm/125 km$^2$ and$\sim$200 cm/310 km$^2$ from 2019 April 9 to 2019 Nov 8. If the increase inAf$\rho$/cross-section remained constant, it implies LD$_2$'s activity began$\sim$2018 November when within 4.8 au of the Sun, implying the onset of H$_2$Osublimation. We measure CO/CO$_2$ gas production of $\lesssim$10$^{27}$ mol/s/$\lesssim$10$^{26}$ mol/s from our 4.5 $\mu$m Spitzer observations, $g$-$r$ =0.59$\pm$0.03, $r$-$i$ = 0.18$\pm$0.05, $i$-$z$ = 0.01$\pm$0.07 from GROWTHobservations, H$_2$O gas production of $\lesssim$80 kg/s scaling from ourestimated $C_2$ production of $Q_{C_2}\lesssim$7.5$\times10^{24}$ mol/s fromKeck/LRIS spectroscopy. We determine that the long-term orbit of LD$_2$ issimilar to Jupiter family comets having close encounters with Jupiter within$\sim$0.5 Hill radius in the last $\sim$3 y, within 0.8 Hill radius in $\sim$9y. Additionally, 78.8$\%$ of our orbital clones are ejected from the SolarSystem within $1 \times 10^{6}$ years having a dynamical half-life of 3.4$\times 10^5$ years.

the astronomical journal

Initial Characterization of Active Transitioning Centaur, P/2019 LD2  (ATLAS), using Hubble, Spitzer, ZTF, Keck, APO and GROWTH Visible & Infrared  Imaging and Spectroscopy