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Planetary systems that show single-transit events are a critical pathway toincreasing the yield of long-period exoplanets from transit surveys. From theprimary Kepler mission, KIC 5951458b (Kepler-456b) was thought to be asingle-transit giant planet with an orbital period of 1310 days. However,radial velocity (RV) observations of KIC 5951458 from the HIRES instrument onthe Keck telescope suggest that the system is far more complicated. To extractprecise RVs for this $V\approx13$ star, we develop a novel matched-templatetechnique that takes advantage of a broad library of template spectra acquiredwith HIRES. We validate this technique and measure its noise floor to be 4 - 8m s$^{-1}$ (in addition to internal RV error) for most stars that would betargeted for precision RVs. For KIC 5951458, we detect a long-term RV trendthat suggests the existence of a stellar companion with an orbital periodgreater than a few thousand days. We also detect an additional signal in theRVs that is possibly caused by a planetary or brown dwarf companion with massin the range of 0.6 - 82 $M_{\rm J}$ and orbital period below a few thousanddays. Curiously, from just the data on hand, it is not possible to determinewhich object caused the single "transit" event. We demonstrate how a modest setof RVs allows us to update the properties of this unusual system and predictthe optimal timing for future observations.

Multiple Explanations for the Single Transit of KIC 5951458 based on Radial Velocity Measurements Extracted with a Novel Matched-template Technique