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The internal structure and strength of small asteroids and large meteoroidsis poorly known. Observation of bright fireballs in the Earth's atmosphere canprospect meteoroid structure by studying meteoroid fragmentation during theflight. Earlier evaluations showed that meteoroid strength is significantlylower than that of the recovered meteorites. We present detailed study ofatmospheric fragmentation of seven meteorite falls, all ordinary chondrites,and 14 other fireballs, where meteorite fall was predicted but the meteorites,probably also ordinary chondrites, were not recovered. All observations weremade by the autonomous observatories of the European Fireball Network andinclude detailed radiometric light curves. A model, called the semi-empiricalfragmentation model, was developed to fit the light curves and decelerations.Videos showing individual fragments were available in some cases. The resultsdemonstrated that meteoroids do not fragment randomly but in two distinctphases. The first phase typically corresponds to low strengths of 0.04 - 0.12MPa. In 2/3 of cases, the first phase was catastrophic or nearly catastrophicwith at least 40% of mass lost. The second phase corresponds to 0.9 - 5 MPa forconfirmed meteorite falls and to somewhat lower strengths, from about 0.5 MPafor smaller meteoroids. All these strengths are lower than tensile strengths ofordinary chondritic meteorites cited in the literature, 20 - 40 MPa. Weinterpret the second phase as being due by cracks in meteoroids and the firstphase as separation of weakly cemented fragments, which reaccumulated atsurfaces of asteroids after asteroid collisions.

Two Strengths of Ordinary Chondritic Meteoroids as Derived from their Atmospheric Fragmentation Modeling