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Solar contamination, due to moonlight and atmospheric scattering of sunlight,can cause systematic errors in stellar radial velocity (RV) measurements thatsignificantly detract from the ~10cm/s sensitivity required for the detectionand characterization of terrestrial exoplanets in or near Habitable Zones ofSun-like stars. The addition of low-level spectral contamination at variableeffective velocity offsets introduces systematic noise when measuringvelocities using classical mask-based or template-based cross-correlationtechniques. Here we present simulations estimating the range of RV measurementerror induced by uncorrected scattered sunlight contamination. We explorepotential correction techniques, using both simultaneous spectrometer skyfibers and broadband imaging via coherent fiber imaging bundles, that couldreliably reduce this source of error to below the photon-noise limit of typicalstellar observations. We discuss the limitations of these simulations, theunderlying assumptions, and mitigation mechanisms. We also present and discussthe components designed and built into the NEID precision RV instrument for theWIYN 3.5m telescope, to serve as an ongoing resource for the community toexplore and evaluate correction techniques. We emphasize that while "brighttime" has been traditionally adequate for RV science, the goal of 10cm/sprecision on the most interesting exoplanetary systems may necessitate accessto darker skies for these next-generation instruments.

Solar Contamination in Extreme Precision Radial Velocity Measurements: Deleterious Effects and Prospects for Mitigation