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The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is expected to revolutionize ourunderstanding of Jovian worlds over the coming decade. However, as we pushtowards characterizing cooler, smaller, "terrestrial-like" planets, dedicatednext-generation facilities will be required to tease out the small spectralsignatures indicative of biological activity. Here, we evaluate the feasibilityof determining atmospheric properties, from near-to-mid-infrared transmissionspectra, of transiting temperate terrestrial M-dwarf companions. Specifically,we utilize atmospheric retrievals to explore the trade space between spectralresolution, wavelength coverage, and signal-to-noise on our ability to bothdetect molecular species and constrain their abundances. We find thatincreasing spectral resolution beyond R=100 for near-infrared wavelengths,shorter than 5$\mu$m, proves to reduce the degeneracy between spectral featuresof different molecules and thus greatly benefits the abundance constraints.However, this benefit is greatly diminished beyond 5$\mu$m as any overlapbetween broad features in the mid-infrared does not deconvolve with higherresolutions. Additionally, our findings revealed that the inclusion of featuresbeyond 11$\mu$m did not meaningfully improve the detection significance norabundance constraints results. We conclude that an instrument with continuouswavelength coverage from $\sim$2-11$\mu$m, spectral resolution ofR$\simeq$50-300, and a 25m$^2$ collecting area, would be capable of detectingH$_2$O, CO$_2$, CH$_4$, O$_3$, and N$_2$O in the atmosphere of an Earth-analogtransiting a M-dwarf (mag$_{K}=8.0$) within 50 transits, and obtain better thanan order-of-magnitude constraint on each of their abundances.

The Detectability and Constraints of Biosignature Gases in the Near & Mid-Infrared from Transit Transmission Spectroscopy