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Resonant dynamics plays a significant role in the past evolution and currentstate of our outer Solar System. The population ratios and spatial distributionof Neptune's resonant populations are direct clues to understanding the historyof our planetary system. The orbital structure of the objects in Neptune's 2:1mean-motion resonance (\emph{twotinos}) has the potential to be a tracer ofplanetary migration processes. Different migration processes produce distinctarchitectures, recognizable by well-characterized surveys. However, previouscharacterized surveys only discovered a few twotinos, making it impossible tomodel the intrinsic twotino population. With a well-designed cadence and nearly100\% tracking success, the Outer Solar System Origins Survey (OSSOS)discovered 838 trans-Neptunian objects, of which 34 are securely twotinos withwell-constrained libration angles and amplitudes. We use the OSSOS twotinos andthe survey characterization parameters via the OSSOS Survey Simulator toinspect the intrinsic population and orbital distributions of twotino. Theestimated twotino population, 4400$^{+1500}_{-1100}$ with $H_r<8.66$(diameter$\sim$100km) at 95\% confidence, is consistent with the previouslow-precision estimate. We also constrain the width of the inclinationdistribution to a relatively narrow value of $\sigma_i$=6$^\circ$$^{+1}_{-1}$,and find the eccentricity distribution is consistent with a Gaussian centeredon $e_\mathrm{c}=0.275$ with a width $e_\mathrm{w}=0.06$. We find asingle-slope exponential luminosity function with $\alpha=0.6$ for thetwotinos. Finally, we for the first time meaningfully constrain the fraction ofsymmetric twotinos, and the ratio of the leading asymmetric islands; bothfractions are in a range of 0.2--0.6. These measurements rule out certaintheoretical models of Neptune's migration history.

OSSOS XVIII: Constraining migration models with the 2:1 resonance using the Outer Solar System Origins Survey