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The distribution of planet sizes encodes details of planet formation andevolution. We present the most precise planet size distribution to date basedon Gaia parallaxes, Kepler photometry, and spectroscopic temperatures from theCalifornia-Kepler Survey. Previously, we measured stellar radii to 11%precision using high-resolution spectroscopy; by adding Gaia astrometry, theerrors are now 2%. Planet radius measurements are, in turn, improved to 5%precision. With a catalog of ~1000 planets with precise properties, we probedin fine detail the gap in the planet size distribution that separates twoclasses of small planets, rocky super-Earths and gas-dominated sub-Neptunes.Our previous study and others suggested that the gap may be observationallyunder-resolved and inherently flat-bottomed, with a band of forbidden planetsizes. Analysis based on our new catalog refutes this; the gap is partiallyfilled in. Two other important factors that sculpt the distribution are aplanet's orbital distance and its host star mass, both of which are related toa planet's X-ray/UV irradiation history. For lower mass stars, the bimodalplanet distribution shifts to smaller sizes, consistent with smaller starsproducing smaller planet cores. Details of the size distribution including theextent of the `sub-Neptune desert' and the width and slope of the gap supportthe view that photoevaporation of low-density atmospheres is the dominantevolutionary determinant of the planet size distribution.

The California Kepler Survey VII. Precise Planet Radii Leveraging Gaia DR2 Reveal the Stellar Mass Dependence of the Planet Radius Gap