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Terrestrial Solar System planets either have high mean molecular weightatmospheres, as with Venus, Mars, and Earth, or no atmosphere at all, as withMercury. We do not have sufficient observational information to know if this istypical of terrestrial planets or a phenomenon unique to the Solar System. Thebulk of atmospheric exoplanet studies have focused on hot Jupiters andNeptunes, but recent discoveries of small, rocky exoplanets transiting small,nearby stars provide targets that are amenable to atmospheric study. GJ 1132bhas a radius of 1.2 Earth radii and a mass of 1.6 Earth masses, and orbits anM-dwarf 12 parsecs away from the Solar System. We present results from fivetransits of GJ 1132b taken with the Magellan Clay Telescope and the LDSS3Cmulti-object spectrograph. We jointly fit our five data sets when determiningthe best-fit transit parameters both for the white light curve andwavelength-binned light curves. We bin the light curves into 20 nm wavelengthbands to construct the transmission spectrum. Our results disfavor a clear, 10xsolar metallicity atmosphere at 3.7 sigma confidence and a 10% H2O, 90% H2atmosphere at 3.5 sigma confidence. Our data are consistent with a featurelessspectrum, implying that GJ 1132b has a high mean molecular weight atmosphere orno atmosphere at all, though we do not account for the possible presence ofaerosols. This result is in agreement with theoretical work which suggests thata planet of GJ 1132b's mass and insolation should not be able to retain a H2envelope.

Ground-based optical transmission spectroscopy of the small, rocky exoplanet GJ 1132b