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We present the first systematic investigation of spectral properties of 17Type Ic Supernovae (SNe Ic), 10 broad-lined SNe Ic (SNe Ic-bl) without observedGamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) and 11 SNe Ic-bl with GRBs (SN-GRBs) as a function oftime in order to probe their explosion conditions and progenitors. We analyze atotal of 407 spectra, which were drawn from published spectra of individual SNeas well as from the densely time-sampled spectra data of Modjaz et al. (2014).In order to quantify the diversity of the SN spectra as a function of SNsubtype, we construct average spectra of SNe Ic, SNe Ic-bl without GRBs and SNeIc-bl with GRBs. We find that SN 1994I is not a typical SN Ic, in contrast tocommon belief, while the spectra of SN 1998bw/GRB 980425 are representative ofmean spectra of SNe Ic-bl. We measure the ejecta absorption and widthvelocities using a new method described here and find that SNe Ic-bl with GRBs,on average, have quantifiably higher absorption velocities, as well as broaderline widths than SNe without observed GRBs. In addition, we search forcorrelations between SN-GRB spectral properties and the energies of theiraccompanying GRBs. Finally, we show that the absence of clear He lines inoptical spectra of SNe Ic-bl, and in particular of SN-GRBs, is not due to thembeing too smeared out due to the high velocities present in the ejecta. Thisimplies that the progenitor stars of SN-GRBs are probably He-free, in additionto being H-free, which puts strong constraints on the stellar evolutionarypaths needed to produce such SN-GRB progenitors at the observed lowmetallicities.

astrophysical journal/the astrophysical journal

The Spectral SN-GRB Connection: Systematic Spectral Comparisons between  Type Ic Supernovae, and broad-lined Type Ic Supernovae with and without  Gamma-Ray Bursts