English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

We perform two-dimensional axially symmetric radiation-hydrodynamicsimulations to assess the impact of outflows and radiative force feedback frommassive protostars by varying when the protostellar outflow starts, the ratioof ejection to accretion rates, and the strength of the wide angle disk windcomponent. The star formation efficiency, i.e. the ratio of final stellar massto initial core mass, is dominated by radiative forces and the ratio of outflowto accretion rates. Increasing this ratio has three effects: First, theprotostar grows slower with a lower luminosity at any given time, loweringradiative feedback. Second, bipolar cavities cleared by the outflow are larger,further diminishing radiative feedback on disk and core scales. Third, thehigher momentum outflow sweeps up more material from the collapsing envelope,decreasing the protostar's potential mass reservoir via entrainment. The starformation efficiency varies with the ratio of ejection to accretion rates from50% in the case of very weak outflows to as low as 20% for very strongoutflows. At latitudes between the low density bipolar cavity and the highdensity accretion disk, wide angle disk winds remove some of the gas, whichotherwise would be part of the accretion flow onto the disk; varying thestrength of these wide angle disk winds, however, alters the final starformation efficiency by only +/-6%. For all cases, the opening angle of thebipolar outflow cavity remains below 20 degree during early protostellaraccretion phases, increasing rapidly up to 65 degree at the onset of radiationpressure feedback.

Protostellar Outflows and Radiative Feedback from Massive Stars. II. Feedback, Star Formation Efficiency, and Outflow Broadening